VTeX: Solutions for Science Publishing

In this article, we examine a case study of the Bachelor’s degree programme “Computer Science” at the University of Latvia. We explore several factors that enabled it to (a) obtain the European Informatics Quality Label three times, (b) be ranked first in the national employer survey as the most recommended educational Programme for nine years, and (c) adopt a student-centred approach. Using a case study methodology, we highlight several innovations that together make the Programme highly regarded both academically and in the labour market. At the end of the paper, we divide the key outcomes of the study into two sets of innovations. National-level solutions, such as learning outcome comparison and the development of industry terminology with student participation, are important primarily in the local context. Whereas (a) the framework for gaining both industry and academic experience through the Practice Course and Qualification thesis, and (b) curriculum expansion with Special Seminars and the creation of opportunities for students to acquire additional knowledge through Excellence Studies and Remedial Courses, can be transferred internationally.

Computational Thinking (CT) is widely recognised as a transversal competence essential for learning, problem solving, and knowledge transfer across disciplines. However, its effective integration into school education remains strongly dependent on the availability of assessment instruments that are pedagogically meaningful, psychometrically sound, and applicable across diverse educational contexts. This paper presents COMATH, a cross-national assessment instrument designed to evaluate CT in students aged 9–14. The instrument adopts a phase-based development and validation framework that integrates Bebras-inspired tasks, Item Response Theory, factor-analytic methods, learning analytics, and teacher and student feedback. The assessment was iteratively developed and piloted between 2023 and 2025 in six European countries, with data collected from 6,480 students and 155 teachers. The findings demonstrate that a phased assessment approach enables systematic calibration of task difficulty, robust evaluation of item functioning, and meaningful interpretation of student performance across age groups and national contexts. The results further highlight how well-designed CT assessment can support instructional decision-making rather than serve solely as a summative measure. The study argues for conceptualising CT assessment as a dynamic and iterative process that links measurement, psychometric validation, and pedagogical use in school education.

Computer science (CS) students are expected to grasp numerous CS concepts during their CS education. Researchers have previously pointed to some concepts that are challenging for many students to conquer during their education. In this study, we investigate how CS students encounter indirection, scope, references, and parameter transfer during their studies. We focus on the first three study years, as previous studies have indicated that students do not significantly improve their grasp of these concepts during that time. We surveyed the teachers of courses in three CS study programs, exploring teachers’ perspectives on students’ knowledge of the concepts and how explicitly the concepts are taught and graded. Our investigation highlights several ways in which curricula diverge from previous recommendations and how an understanding of these study programs can support learning outcomes.

Brooches, belt buckles and other metal objects with a specific design are considered characteristic of Cherniakhov culture. In contrast with well-known typologies, the metal composition of these objects has rarely been investigated. Forty-four artefacts from the settlement and cemetery at Voitenki (east Ukraine) were chosen for metal analysis. The fibulae selected, for example, consist of crossbow tendril brooches, crossbow brooches with a closed catch-plate, brooches with a high catch-plate, and other types. A total of 38 finds were made of non-ferrous metal; for six objects, silver was presumed. The precise metal composition was determined by PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission) analysis. Based on this method, copper, bronze and brass could be determined as material for the brooches and buckles. The bronze objects were divided into forged bronze and cast bronze; furthermore, mixed material was detected. But these groups and subgroups of metal do not coincide with archaeological types. Crossbow tendril brooches were first of all made of copper, although some consist of bronze or brass. Cast bronze was used for manufacturing some cast types of brooches. The producer probably intentionally selected this material to cast. But on the other hand, it seems that the producer used the material that was available, for example, cast bronze for forged brooches. For silver finds, the PIXE analysis detected a high content of this metal. A comparison of the results with analyses of Roman silver denarii led us to the hypothesis that such Roman coins were used as ‘raw material’ for anufacturing these silver items.